Types of Turtles (14 Families, and 351 Species)


Types of Turtles

Ever wondered how many types of turtles there are on this planet? What about their classification?

In this article we will explore all the types of turtles in their respective classification. We will tell you about the turtle families and list all the turtle species.

Types of Turtles

Different types of turtles include:

  • Pig-nosed turtles
  • Pond turtles
  • Leatherback turtles
  • box turtles
  • sea turtles
  • Musk turtles
  • Tortoises
  • Soft-shelled turtles
  • River turtles
  • Snapping turtles
  • South American side-necked turtles

There are 14 turtle families and about 351 species of turtles. We’ve talked about each of the turtle families here

Types of Turtles Chart

Types of Turtles

What are the 14 Turtle Families?

Here is a table showing all the 14 turtle families: [1]

#Turtle FamilyDescription
1Carettochelyidae
(Pitted-shelled Turtles also known as the pig-nosed turtles or the Fly River turtles)
They have large bodies and a nose that looks similar to that of a pig, giving them their common name.
2Chelidae
(Austro-American Side-necked Turtles/ Common Snake-necked Turtles)
They have necks that are so long that they fold sideways under their shells.
3Cheloniidae
(Sea turtles)
Sea turtles have adapted features for ocean life such as large flippers, and streamlined bodies. 
4Chelydridae
(Snapping turtles)
The snapping turtles are very aggressive. Their name comes from the method of biting they use on their prey.
5Dermatemydidae
(The River Turtles)
As their name suggests river turtles mainly inhabit freshwater rivers, ponds, and streams.
6Dermochelyidae
(Leatherback turtles)
They are characterized by large paddle-like flippers which have no claws, and the absence of scutes on their skins.
7Emydidae
(Pond turtles, terrapins, and sliders.)
These turtles are easy to care for hence make the best pets.
8Geoemydidae
(Asian leaf turtles, Asian box turtles, and roofed turtles)
Some are highly aquatic, showing up on land periodically to lay eggs.
Other species are entirely terrestrial.
9Kinosternidae
(Mud and musk turtles)
These turtles are generally small turtles. Their name stems from the pungent musk they produce
10Pelomedusidae
(Afro-American side-necked turtles)
These turtles usually fold their necks sideways rather than pulling them back straight into the shells.
11Platysternidae
(The big-headed turtles)
As the name suggests, these turtles have a head that is disproportionately large compared to their small bodies.
12Podocnemididae
(The big-headed Amazon River turtle, Madagascar big-headed turtles, and the South American side-neck river turtles)
There turtles have a pelvis is attached to the shell preventing them from any pelvic motion.
13Testudinidae
(Tortoises)
Tortoises are exclusively land-dwelling. They are strictly herbivorous feeding mostly on weeds, grasses flowers, and fruits.
14Trionychidae
(Softshell turtles)
Soft shell turtles have shells that lack scutes making them very mobile in water.

Related articles:

Turtles Species

According to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), [2] the turtle order: Testudines (or Chelonia) is split into two suborders: (i) Cryptodira and (ii) Pleurodira, and further split into 14 families, 75 genera and about 351 species listed below.

Here is a database of both the scientific and common names of all types of turtles (351 turtle species)

Types of Turtles: 20/351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Chelydra serpentineCommon Snapping turtle
Macrochelys temminckiiAlligator snapping turtle
Caretta carettaLoggerhead sea turtle
Eretmochelys imbricataHawksbill sea turtle
Chelonia MydasGreen sea turtle
Lepidochelys olivaceaOlive Ridley sea turtle
Lepidochelys kempiiKemp’s Ridley Sea turtle
Dermochelys coriaceaLeatherback Sea turtle
Natator depressusFlatback sea turtle
Platysternon megacephalumBig headed turtle
Clemmys guttataSpotted turtle
Emys orbicularisEuropean pond turtle
Emys blandingiiBlanding’s turtle
Glyptemys muhlenbergiiBog turtle
Emys marmorataWestern Pond turtle
Emys trinacrisSicilian Pond turtle
Terrapene CarolinaCommon box turtle
Glyptemys insculptaWood turtle
Terrapene ornateOrnate box turtle
Terrapene CoahuilaCoahuilan box turtle

Types of Turtles: 21-40/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Chrysemys pictaPainted turtle
Terrapene nelsonSpotted box turtle
Graptemys pulchraAlabama map turtle
Deirochelys reticulariaChicken turtle
Graptemys barbouriBarbour’s map turtle
Graptemys pseudogeographicaFalse map turtle
Acanthochelys pallidipectorisChaco swamp turtle 
Graptemys nigrinodaBlack-knobbed map turtle
Graptemys ernstiEscambia map turtle
Graptemys cagleiCagle’s map turtle
Graptemys ouachitensisOuachita map turtle
Graptemys geographicaNorthern map turtle
Graptemys oculiferaRinged map turtle
Graptemys gibbonsiPascagoula map turtle
Graptemys versaTexas map turtle
Graptemys pearlensisPearl River map turtle
Graptemys flavimaculataYellow-blotched map turtle
Pseudemys alabamensisAlabama red-bellied Cooter
Malaclemys terrapinDiamondback terrapin
Pseudemys rubriventrisNorthern red-bellied Cooter

Types of Turtles: 41-60/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Pseudemys nelsoniFlorida red-bellied Cooter 
Pseudemys gorzugiRio Grande Cooter
Pseudemys peninsularisPeninsula Cooter
Pseudemys concinnaRiver Cooter
Pseudemys texanaTexas River Cooter
Trachemys scriptaPond slider
Trachemys nebulosiBaja California slider
Trachemys gaigeaeBig bend slider
Trachemys stejnegeriCentral Antillean slider 
Trachemys callirostrisColombian slider 
Trachemys tayloriCuatro Cienegas slider 
Trachemys decussataCuban slider
Trachemys dorbigniD’Orbigny’s slider 
Trachemys decorateHaitian slider
Trachemys terrapinJamaican slider 
Trachemys adiutrixMaranhão slider
Trachemys venusta Meso-American slider 
Trachemys emolliNicaraguan slider 
Trachemys ornateOrnate slider 
Trachemys yaquiaYaqui slider 

Types of Turtles: 61-80/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Batagur trivittataBurmese roofed turtle 
Batagur baskaNorthern River terrapin 
Batagur borneoensisPainted terrapin or Saw-jawed turtle 
Batagur kachugaRed-crowned roofed turtle 
Batagur affinisSouthern River terrapin 
Batagur dhongokaThree-striped roofed turtle
Geoclemys hamiltoniiBlack Pond turtle or Spotted Pond turtle 
Hardella thurjiiBrahminy river turtle or Crowned River turtle 
Morenia ocellataBengal eyed terrapin 
Morenia petersiIndian eyed turtle  
Pangshura sylhetensisAssam roofed turtle  
Pangshura smithiiBrown roofed turtle 
Pangshura tectaIndian roofed turtle 
Pangshura tentoriaIndian tent turtle 
Chinemys megalocephalaChinese broad-headed pond turtle 
Chinemys reevesiiChinese pond turtle 
Chinemys nigricansRed-necked Pond turtle 
Cuora amboinensisAmboina box turtle 
Cuora trifasciataChinese three-striped box turtle or Golden coin turtle 
Cuora galbinifronsIndochinese (flower back) box turtle 

Types of Turtles: 81-100/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameComon Name
Cuora mccordiMcCord’s box turtle 
Cuora paniPan’s box turtle 
Cuora picturataSouthern Vietnamese box turtle
 Cuora cyclornataVietnamese three-striped box turtle 
Cuora flavomarginataYellow-margined box turtle, Chinese box turtle or Snake-eating turtle 
Cuora yunnanensisYunnan box turtle 
Cuora zhouiZhou’s box turtle 
Cyclemys dentateAsian leaf turtle 
Cyclemys gemeliAssam leaf turtle 
Cyclemys pulchristiataEastern black-bridged leaf turtle
Cyclemys enigmaticaEnigmatic leaf turtle 
Cyclemys fuscaMyanmar brown leaf turtle 
Cyclemys oldhamiiOldham’s leaf turtle 
Cyclemys atriponsWestern black-bridged leaf turtle 
Geoemyda spengleriBlack-breasted hill turtle 
Geoemyda japonicaRyukyu black-breasted leaf turtle 
Leucocephalon yuwonoiSulawesi Forest turtle 
Heosemys depressaArakan forest turtle
Malayemys macrocepbalsaMalayan snail-eating turtle
Heosemys grandisGiant Asian Pond turtle 

Types of Turtles: 101-120/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Mauremys caspicaCaspian turtle or Striped-neck terrapin 
Mauremys japonicaJapanese pond turtle 
Mauremys leprosaSpanish pond turtle 
Heosemys spinosaSpiny turtle
Heosemys annandaliiYellow-headed temple turtle
Mauremys rivulataBalkan Pond turtle/Balkan terrapin
Mauremys annamensisVietnamese pond turtle or Annam leaf turtle 
Mauremys muticaYellow pond turtle 
Melanochelys trijugaIndian black turtle 
Melanochelys tricarinataTricarinate hill turtle 
Notochelys platynotaMalayan flat-shelled turtle 
Ocadia sinensisChinese Stripe-necked Turtle 
Ocadia glyphistoma
Ocadia philippeniPhilippen’s striped turtle 
Orlitia borneensisMalaysian giant turtle or Bornean River turtle 
Pyxidea mouhotiiKeeled box turtle 
Rhinoclemmys funerealBlack River turtle 
Rhinoclemmys annulataBrown wood turtle 
Rhinoclemmys melanosternaColombian wood turtle 
Rhinoclemmys areolateFurrowed wood turtle
Turtle Species

Types of Turtles: 121-140/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Rhinoclemmys nasutaLarge-nosed wood turtle 
Rhinoclemmys diademataMaracaibo wood turtle 
Rhinoclemmys rubidaMexican spotted wood turtle
Rhinoclemmys pulcherrimaPainted wood turtle 
Rhinoclemmys punctulariaSpot-legged turtle 
Sacalia bealeiBeal’s eyed turtle or Beal’s four-eyed turtle
Sacalia pseudocellataChinese false-eyed turtle 
Sacalia quadriocellataFour-eyed turtle 
Siebenrockiella crassicollisBlack marsh turtle 
Siebenrockiella leytensisPhilippine Forest turtle 
Vijayachelys sylvaticaCochin Forest cane turtle 
Aldabrachelys giganteanAldabra giant tortoise 
Aldabrachelys giganteaArnold’s giant tortoise 
Aldabrachelys giganteaSeychelles giant tortoise 
Astrochelys radiateRadiated tortoise 
Astrochelys yniphoraAngulated tortoise or Madagascan(plowshare) tortoise
Chelonoidis nigraGalapagos giant tortoise 
Chelonoidis chilensisArgentine tortoise or Chilean tortoise 
Chelonoidis denticulateBrazilian giant tortoise or Yellow-footed tortoise 
Chelonoidis petersiChaco tortoise 

Types of Turtles: 141-180/ 351 Turtle Species

Scientific NameCommon Name
Chelonoidis carbonariaRed-footed tortoise 
Chersina angulateBowsprit tortoise 
Geochelone sulcateAfrican spurred tortoise or Sulcata tortoise 
Geochelone platynotaBurmese star tortoise 
Geochelone elegansIndian star tortoise
Homopus areolatusBeaked cape tortoise or Parrot-beaked cape tortoise 
Homopus bergeriBerger’s cape tortoise or Nama padloper 
Homopus boulengeriBoulenger’s cape tortoise
Homopus femoralisKarroo cape tortoise 
Homopus signatusSpeckled cape tortoise or Speckled padlope
Indotestudo elongateElongated tortoise 
Indotestudo forsteniiTravancore tortoise or Forsten’s tortoise 
Indotestudo travancoricaTravancore tortoise 
Kinixys bellianaBell’s hinged-back tortoise 
Kinixys homeanaHome’s hinge-back tortoise 
Kinixys lobatsianaLobatse hinge-back tortoise 
Kinixys natalensisNatal hinge-back tortoise 
Kinixys erosaSerrated hinge-back tortoise 
Kinixys spekiiSpeke’s hinge-back tortoise 
Malacochersus tornieriPancake tortoise 

Types of Turtles: 181-200/ 351 Turtle Species

Psammobates tentoriusAfrican tent tortoise 
Psammobates geometricusGeometric tortoise 
Psammobates oculiferSerrated star tortoise 
Pyxis planicaudaMadagascan flat-tailed tortoise 
Pyxis arachnoidesMadagascan spider tortoise 
Stigmochelys pardalisLeopard tortoise 
Testudo hermanniHerman’s tortoise 
Testudo marginataMarginated tortoise 
Testudo kleinmanniEgyptian tortoise 
Testudo graecaGreek tortoise or Spur-thighed tortoise 
Testudo horsfieldiiRussian tortoise, Horsfield’s tortoise or Central Asian tortoise 
Gopherus agassiziiDesert tortoise 
Gopherus flavomarginatusBolson tortoise 
Gopherus PolyphemusGopher tortoise 
Gopherus berlandieriTexas tortoise 
Manouria emysBrown tortoise or Mountain tortoise 
Manouria impressaImpressed tortoise 
Carettochelys insculptaPig-nosed turtle 
Dermatemys mawiiCentral American river turtle or Mesoamerican river turtle 
Kinosternon alamosaeAlamos mud turtle 
 
Kinosternon arizonenseArizona mud turtle 
Kinosternon angustiponsCentral American mud turtle 
Kinosternon creaseriCreaser’s mud turtle 
Kinosternon dunniDunn’s mud turtle 
Kinosternon durangoenseDurango mud turtle 
Kinosternon subrubrumEastern mud turtle 
Kinosternon integrumGuanajuato mud turtle 
Kinosternon herreraiHerrara’s mud turtle 
Kinosternon chimalhuacaJalisco mud turtle 
Kinosternon hirtipesMexican mud turtle 
Kinosternon oaxacaeOaxaca mud turtle
Kinosternon scorpioidesScorpion mud turtle 
Kinosternon sonorienseSonora mud turtle 
Kinosternon bauriiStriped mud turtle 
Kinosternon acutumTabasco mud turtle 
Kinosternon leucostomumWhite-lipped mud turtle 
Kinosternon flavescensYellow mud turtle 
Sternotherus odoratusCommon musk turtle or Stinkpot 
Sternotherus depressusFlattened musk turtle 
Sternotherus minorLoggerhead musk turtle 
 
Sternotherus carinatusRazorback musk turtle 
Claudius angustatusNarrow-bridged musk turtle 
Staurotypus salviniiChiapas giant musk turtle 
Staurotypus triporcatusMexican giant musk turtle 
Cyclanorbis elegansNubian flap shell turtle 
Cyclanorbis senegalensisSenegal flap shell turtle 
Chelus fimbriatusMata-mata or Matamata 
Cycloderma aubryiAubry’s flap shell turtle 
Cycloderma frenatumZambezi flap shell turtle 
Lissemys punctateIndian flap shell turtle 
Lissemys scutataBurmese flap shell turtle 
Amyda cartilagineaAsiatic softshell turtle 
Amyda nakornsrithammarajensis
Apalone feroxFlorida softshell turtle 
Apalone muticaSmooth softshell turtle 
Apalone spiniferaSpiny softshell turtle 
Chitra chitraAsian narrow-headed softshell turtle 
Chitra chitraSiamese narrow-headed softshell turtle 
Chitra chitraJavanese narrow-headed softshell turtle 
Chitra indicaIndian narrow-headed shelled turtle 
 
Chitra vandijkiBurmese narrow-headed softshell turtle 
Dogania subplanaMalayan soft-shelled turtle 
Nilssonia FormosaBurmese softshell turtle 
Nilssonia gangeticaGanges softshell turtle 
Nilssonia hurumPeacock softshell turtle 
Nilssonia leithiiNagpur softshell turtle 
Nilssonia nigricansBlack softshell turtle 
Palea steindachneriWattle-necked softshell turtle 
Pelochelys bibroniNew Guinea giant softshell turtle 
Pelochelys cantoriiCantor’s giant softshell turtle 
Pelochelys signiferaNorthern New Guinea giant softshell turtle 
Pelodiscus sinensisChinese softshell turtle 
Pelodiscus axenariaHunan softshell turtle 
Pelodiscus piriformisLesser Chinese softshell turtle 
Pelodiscus maackiiNorthern Chinese softshell turtle 
Rafetus euphraticusEuphrates softshell turtle 
Rafetus swinhoeiYangtze giant softshell turtle 
Trionyx triunguisAfrican softshell turtle or Nile softshell turtle 
Chelodina burrungandjiiArnhem land long neck turtle 
Chelodina expansaBroad-shelled turtle 
 
Chelodina canniCann’s snake-neck turtle 
Chelodina longicollisEastern long-necked turtle 
Macrodiremys collieiNarrow-breasted snake-necked turtle 
Chelodina novaeguineaeNew Guinea snake-necked turtle 
Chelodina rugoseNorthern long-necked turtle 
Chelodina parkeriParker’s snake-necked Turtle 
Chelodina pritchardiPritchard’s snake-necked turtle 
Chelodina reimanniReimann’s snake-necked turtle 
Chelodina mccordiRoti Island snake-necked turtle 
Chelodina steindachneriSteindachner’s snake-neck Turtle 
Elseya branderhorstiiBranderhorst’s snapping turtle 
Elseya lavarackorumGulf snapping turtle 
Elseya irwiniIrwin’s turtle 
Elseya dentateNorthern snapping turtle
Elseya albagulaWhite throated Snapping turtle 
Emydura macquariiMacquarie turtle 
Emydura tanybaragaNorthern yellow-faced turtle 
Emydura subglobosaRed-bellied short-necked turtle or Jardine river turtle 
Emydura victoriaeVictoria river red-faced turtle 
Elusor macrurusMary River turtle 
 
Myuchelys georgesiBellinger river snapping turtle 
Myuchelys purvisiManning river snapping turtle 
Myuchelys belliNamoi river snapping turtle 
Myuchelys novaeguineaeNew Guinea snapping turtle 
Myuchelys latisternumSaw-shelled turtle 
Pseudemydura umbrinaWestern swamp tortoise 
Rheodytes leukopsFitzroy River Turtle 
Acanthochelys macrocephalaBig-headed pantanal swamp turtle 
Acanthochelys spixiiBlack spine-neck swamp turtle 
Acanthochelys radiolataBrazilian radiolated swamp turtle 
Acanthochelys pallidipectorisChaco side-necked turtle 
Mesoclemmys ranicepsAmazon toad-headed turtle 
Mesoclemmys dahliDahl’s toad-headed turtle 
Mesoclemmys gibbaGibba turtle 
Mesoclemmys hogeiHoge’s side-necked turtle 
Mesoclemmys heliostemmaToadhead turtle
Mesoclemmys nasutaCommon Toadheaded Turtle 
Mesoclemmys perplexaPiaui Side-necked Turtle
Mesoclemmys tuberculateTuberculate toad-headed turtle 
Mesoclemmys vanderhaegeVanderhaege’s toad-headed turtle 
 
Mesoclemmys zuliaeZulia toad-headed turtle 
Phrynops tubersosusCotinga river toadhead turtle 
Phrynops geoffroanusGeoffroy’s side-necked turtle 
Phrynops hilariiHilaire’s side-necked turtle 
Phrynops williamsiWilliams’ side-necked turtle 
Platemys platycephalaTwist-necked turtle 
Rhinemys rufipesRed side-necked turtle 
Hydromedusa tectiferaArgentine snake-necked turtle 
Hydromedusa maximilianiBrazilian snake-necked turtle 
Pelomedusa subrufaAfrican helmeted turtle or Marsh terrapin 
Pelusios adansoniiAdanson’s mud turtle 
Pelusios nanusAfrican dwarf mud turtle 
Pelusios gabonensisAfrican forest turtle 
Pelusios carinatusAfrican keeled mud turtle 
Pelusios chapiniCentral African mud turtle 
Pelusios subnigerEast African black mud turtle 
Pelusios maraniGabon mud turtle 
Pelusios bechuanicusOkavango mud turtle 
Pelusios sinuatusSerrated hinged terrapin 
Pelusios broadleyiTurkana mud turtle 
 Upemba mud turtle 
Pelusios upembae
Pelusios rhodesianusVariable mud turtle 
Pelusios nigerWest African black turtle 
Pelusios castaneusWest African mud turtle 
Pelusios williamsiWilliams mud Turtle 
Pelusios castanoidesYellow-bellied mud turtle 
Erymnochelys madagascariensisMadagascan big-headed turtle 
Peltocephalus dumerilianusBig-headed Amazon River turtle 
Podocnemis unifilisYellow-spotted Amazon river turtle o
Podocnemis expansaArrau river turtle or Charapa turtle 
Podocnemis erythrocephalaRed-headed Amazon side-necked turtle
Podocnemis lewyanaRio Magdalena river turtle
Podocnemis vogliSavanna side-necked turtle 
Podocnemis sextuberculataSix-tubercled Amazon river turtle
Actinemys marmorataPacific pond turtle
Aldabrachelys arnoldiArnold’s tortoise
Aldabrachelys dussumieriGiant Aldabra tortoise
Aldabrachelys hololissaHoloissa tortoise
Batrachemys dahliDahl’s toad-headed turtle
Centrochely sulcateAfrican spurred tortoise
 
Chersina angulateAngulated tortoise
Graptemys nigrinodaBlack-nobbed map turtle
Indotestudo forteniiForsten’ tortoise
Kachuga dhongokaThree-striped roof turtle
Kachuga kachugaRed-crowned roof turtle
Macrochelodina burrungandjiiArnhem Land snake-necked turtle
Macrochelodina expansaBroad-shelled snake-necked turtle
Macrochelodina kuchlingiKuchling’s long-necked turtle
Macrochelodina parkeriParker’s long-necked turtle
Macrochelodina rugoseNorthern snaked-necked turtle
Macrochelodina walloyarrinaKimberley long-necked turtle
Pelusios sinuatusEast African serrated mud turtle
Sacalia quadricellataFour-eyed turtle
Vijayachelys sylvaticaCochin cane forest turtle
Trachemys ventusaMeso-american slider turtle
Trachemys terrapinJamaican slider turtle
Testudo rustamoviTurkmenian stepped tortoise
Testudo kazachstanicaKazachstan steppe tortoise
Rheodytes rufapesRed toad-headed turtle
Ranacephala hogeiHoge’s toad-headed turtle
Scientific Name              Common Name
Pelodiscus maackiiAmur softshell turtle
Pangshura sylhetensisAssam roofed turtle
Malacocbersus African pancake tortoise
Macrodiremys oblongaNarrow-brested snake-necked turtle
Cycloderma frenatumZambezi flap-shelled turtle
Cyclemys fuscaDusky leaf turtle
Chelonoidis denticulateYellowfoot tortoise
Chelonidis chilensisPatagonian tortoise
Aspideretes leithiiLeith softshell turtle
Batrachemys nasutusGuianan toad-headed turtle
Elseya jukesiJukes’ snapping turtle

Turtles are a diverse group of creatures. We can see that there are many different turtle species all with varied characteristics. Some turtles’ species are highly endangered hence need our protection.

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